Flyback converter design using TL494

The TL494 is one of the earliest pulse-width-modulation (PWM) controllers used in switched mode power supplies. It incorporates all the functions required in the construction of a PWM control circuit on a single chip. Designed primarily for power-supply control, this device offers the flexibility to tailor the power-supply control circuitry to a specific application. This application report discusses building a multiple-output lowcost isolated flyback converter with the TL494. Component selection and magnetics design is also shown. Before current mode control was successfully implemented, the TL494 PWM mode ensured low EMI and noise operation due to its trailing edge modulation technique. The power supply is designed for +5-, +15-, and +15-V outputs. It is self-contained with over-current and over-voltage protections, and the PI controller is designed to limit the highest power output. Each stage of the flyback converter design and component selection is explained. A MathCAD file is available along with this document, which helps in design calculation.

View the PDF document for more information.

Originally published by Texas Instruments Inc. at www.ti.com as "Isolated Multiple Output Flyback Converter Design Using TL494".

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Related Terms

What is EMI?
Electromagnetic interference or EMI is an electrical disturbance (interference or noise) in a system due to natural phenomena, low-frequency waves from electromechanical devices or high-frequency waves from ICs and other electronic devices.

What is pulse width modulation (PWM)?
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a way of digitally encoding analogue signal levels. Through the use of high-resolution counters, the duty cycle of a square wave is modulated to encode a specific analogue signal level. In more general terms, a switch is opened and closed in timed pulses, where the time the switch is closed is determines the power output.
Basically, a PWM variable-power scheme switches the power quickly between fully ON and fully OFF tens or hundreds of kHz in the case of a computer power supply (which has a regulated output). The switching rate is much faster than what would affect the load. The term duty cycle describes the proportion of ON time to the regular interval or period of time. A low duty cycle corresponds to low power because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully ON.

Flyback converter design using TL494

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